Tephrite and Oil shale
Definition
Definition
Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock
Oil Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock from which oil is extracted
History
Origin
Germany
Unknown
Discoverer
Van Tooren
Unknown
Etymology
From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn
From Old English scealu in its base sense of thing that divides or separate
Class
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Family
Group
Volcanic
Not Applicable
Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Texture
Texture
Aphanitic to Porphyritic
Splintery
Color
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White
Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Red, Yellow
Maintenance
Less
Less
Durability
Durable
Durable
Water Resistant
Yes
Yes
Scratch Resistant
Yes
No
Stain Resistant
No
Yes
Wind Resistant
Yes
No
Acid Resistant
No
No
Appearance
Vesicular
Muddy
Uses
Architecture
Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
Not Yet Used
Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings
Not Yet Used
Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Not Yet Used
Industry
Construction Industry
Landscaping
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Serves as an Oil and Gas Reservoir rock
Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Sculpture
Artifacts
Other Uses
Commercial Uses
Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner
An Oil and Gas Reservoir
Types
Types
Not Available
Carbonate-rich Shale, Siliceous Shale and Cannel Shale
Features
Host Rock for Lead
Easily splits into thin plates, Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Very fine grained rock
Archaeological Significance
Monuments
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Sculpture
Used
Not Yet Used
Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Not Applicable
Pictographs
Not Used
Not Used
Petroglyphs
Not Used
Not Used
Figurines
Used
Not Yet Used
Fossils
Absent
Present
Formation
Formation
Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.
Oil Shale forms on the beds of seas and lakes and its formation starts with the organic debris settling and accumulating at the bottom of a lake or sea which are then transformed into rock with the help of high temperature and pressure.
Composition
Mineral Content
Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene
Albite, Biotite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Dolomite, Hematite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Silica, Sulfides
Compound Content
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide
Ca, Fe, Mg, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium
Transformation
Metamorphism
Yes
No
Types of Metamorphism
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Weathering
Yes
Yes
Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Erosion
Yes
Yes
Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion
Properties
Physical Properties
Hardness
6.5
2-3
Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Very fine-grained
Fracture
Uneven
Not Available
Streak
Bluish Black
White
Porosity
Very Less Porous
Highly Porous
Luster
Subvitreous to Dull
Dull
Compressive Strength
90.00 N/mm2
22
Not Available
Cleavage
Crenulation and Pervasive
Slaty
Toughness
2.4
2.6
Specific Gravity
2.86
2.2-2.8
Transparency
Opaque
Opaque
Density
2.8-2.9 g/cm3
2.4-2.8 g/cm3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K
10
0.39 kJ/Kg K
23
Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
Reserves
Deposits in Eastern Continents
Asia
Not Yet Found
Bangladesh, China, India, Israel, Jordan, Russia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey
Africa
Namibia, Uganda
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania
Europe
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
Others
Not Yet Found
Greenland, Not Yet Found
Deposits in Western Continents
North America
USA
Canada, USA
South America
Not Yet Found
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Deposits in Oceania Continent
Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia
All about Tephrite and Oil shale Properties
Know all about Tephrite and Oil shale properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tephrite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Oil shale belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Oil shale is Splintery. Tephrite appears Vesicular and Oil shale appears Muddy. The luster of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull while that of Oil shale is dull. Tephrite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors whereas Oil shale is available in black, brown, buff, green, grey, red, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner and that of Oil shale are an oil and gas reservoir.
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