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Icelandite and Breccia


Breccia and Icelandite


Definition

Definition
Icelandite belongs to volcanic igneous rocks which is rich in iron and belongs to andesite rock   
Breccia is a rock consisting of angular fragments of stones which are cemented by finer calcareous material   

History
  
  

Origin
Iceland   
England   

Discoverer
Ian S. E. Carmichael   
Unknown   

Etymology
From its origin place near Cenozoic volcano near the parsonage Þingmúli in East Iceland   
From Italian, literally gravel, Germanic origin and related to break   

Class
Igneous Rocks   
Sedimentary Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic   
Not Applicable   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Aphanitic to Porphyritic   
Brecciated, Clastic   

Color
Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow   
Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Orange, Pink, Purple, Red, Rust, White, Yellow   

Maintenance
More   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Dull and Soft   
Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens   
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
Office Buildings, Roof Tiles   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate   
As Dimension Stone, Construction Aggregate, Landscaping, Roadstone   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines   
Artifacts, Sculpture   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork   
Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry   

Types

Types
Not Available   
Collapse Breccia, Fault Breccia, Flow Breccia, Pyroclastic Breccia, Igneous Breccia and Impact Breccia   

Features
Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock   
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Clasts are smooth to touch   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Not Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Not Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Present   

Formation

Formation
Icelandite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.   
Breccia is a clastic sedimentary rock which is composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock which are cemented together by a fine-grained matrix and it forms where broken, angular fragments of rock or mineral debris accumulate.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Zircon   
Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Phosphates, Quartz, Silica   

Compound Content
Silicon Dioxide   
Aluminium Oxide, Ca, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Chemical Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
7   
7   

Grain Size
Very fine-grained   
Medium to Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Uneven   
Uneven   

Streak
White   
White   

Porosity
Less Porous   
Less Porous   

Luster
Vitreous   
Dull to Pearly   

Cleavage
Not Available   
Non-Existent   

Toughness
1.1   
Not Available   

Specific Gravity
2.5-2.8   
2.86-2.87   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
2.11-2.36 g/cm3   
0 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
2.39 kJ/Kg K   
2
Not Available   

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea   
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, South Korea, Uzbekistan   

Africa
Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania   
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa   

Europe
Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom   
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Greenland   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Mexico, USA   
Barbados, Canada, Mexico, Panama, USA   

South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela   
Brazil   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia   
New South Wales, New Zealand   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Icelandite and Breccia Properties

Know all about Icelandite and Breccia properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Icelandite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Breccia belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Icelandite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Breccia is Brecciated, Clastic. Icelandite appears Dull and Soft and Breccia appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Icelandite is vitreous while that of Breccia is dull to pearly. Icelandite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors whereas Breccia is available in beige, black, blue, brown, buff, green, grey, orange, pink, purple, red, rust, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Icelandite are cemetery markers, creating artwork and that of Breccia are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry.

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