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Claystone and Porphyry


Porphyry and Claystone


Definition

Definition
Claystone is a fine-grained, dark gray to pink sedimentary rock which mainly consists of compacted and hardened clay   
Porphyry is a reddish-brown to purple igneous rock containing large phenocrysts of various minerals embedded in a fine-grained matrix   

History
  
  

Origin
Unknown   
Egypt   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Unknown   

Etymology
From English clay and stone as the rock contains more amount of clay   
From Old French porfire, from Italian porfiro and in some cases directly from Latin porphyrites   

Class
Sedimentary Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Plutonic   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Clastic   
Porphyritic   

Color
Black, Blue, Brown, Green, Grey, Orange, Red, White, Yellow   
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Red, Rust, White   

Maintenance
More   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
Yes   
No   

Scratch Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
No   
No   

Acid Resistant
No   
Yes   

Appearance
Rough and Dull   
Dull   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration   
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
As Facing Stone, Roof Tiles   
Garden Decoration, Paving Stone   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar   
Construction Aggregate   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines   
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Pottery   
Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry   

Types

Types
Not Available   
Rhomb Porphyry   

Features
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Smooth to touch, Very fine grained rock   
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Sculpture
Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Used   
Used   

Fossils
Present   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Claystone is generally quite soft, but can be hard and brittle. It forms due to weathering of mudstone.   
Porphyry is formed in two stages: the magma cools slowly deep within the crust or the magma is cools rapidly as it erupts from a volcano, creating small grains that are usually invisible to naked eye.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyrite, Quartz   
Biotite, Chert, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Quartz, Silica   

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, Ca, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide   
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable   
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Not Registered   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
3.5-4   
6-7   

Grain Size
Fine Grained   
Fine Grained   

Fracture
Not Available   
Irregular   

Streak
White   
White   

Porosity
Very Less Porous   
Less Porous   

Luster
Dull   
Dull   

Cleavage
Perfect   
Imperfect   

Toughness
2.6   
1.7   

Specific Gravity
0   
2.5-4   

Transparency
Opaque   
Translucent to Opaque   

Density
2-2.9 g/cm3   
2.5-2.52 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K   
10
Not Available   

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, China, India, Russia   
China, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam   

Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania   
Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa   

Europe
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland   
Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Greenland   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Panama, USA   
Canada, Cuba, Jamaica, USA   

South America
Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela   
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia   
New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Claystone and Porphyry Properties

Know all about Claystone and Porphyry properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Claystone belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Porphyry belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Claystone is Clastic whereas that of Porphyry is Porphyritic. Claystone appears Rough and Dull and Porphyry appears Dull. The luster of Claystone and Porphyry is dull. Claystone is available in black, blue, brown, green, grey, orange, red, white, yellow colors whereas Porphyry is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, red, rust, white colors. The commercial uses of Claystone are pottery and that of Porphyry are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry.

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